Trauma · Interactive 3D

Pelvis & acetabulum

The bony pelvis seen from the front: the two hip bones, the sacrum and coccyx, the sacroiliac joints, the pubic symphysis, the obturator foramina and the acetabula.

Interactive — drag to rotate

AI-assisted model. Labels checked against standard anatomy references; specialist review pending.

What to look at

1The pelvic ring is made of the two hip bones and the sacrum, joined at the sacroiliac joints behind and the pubic symphysis in front. Stability depends mostly on the posterior sacroiliac ligaments.
2Each acetabulum faces outwards, forwards and downwards. Letournel describes it as an inverted Y of two columns: the anterior column (iliac crest to pubis) and the posterior column (sciatic notch to ischium).
3The sacrum has four pairs of anterior foramina for the ventral rami of S1–S4.
4The obturator foramen is closed by the obturator membrane, with the obturator nerve and vessels passing through its upper part.

Hotspots

1Sacral promontory — The anterior lip of S1 — a landmark for the pelvic inlet.
2Anterior sacral foramina — Four pairs, transmitting the ventral rami of S1–S4; sacral fractures through them can injure these roots.
3Sacroiliac joint — Stability comes from the posterior sacroiliac ligaments — disrupted in vertically unstable ring injuries.
4Acetabulum — Formed by ilium, ischium and pubis meeting at the triradiate cartilage.
5Obturator foramen — Closed by the obturator membrane; the obturator nerve and vessels exit through the obturator canal.
6Pubic symphysis — A secondary cartilaginous joint; widening beyond about 2.5 cm implies sacroiliac disruption (open-book injury).
7Iliac fossa — Origin of iliacus.
8Coccyx — Three to five fused segments.

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